Improvement in constructing axles



2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F/ 6.5 Patented Nov .2|,1871.

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JAMES MONTGOMERY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN ONSTRUCTING .,AXLES.v

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 121,187, datedNovember 21, 1871 antedated November 9, 1871.

To all lwho-m it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES MONTGOMERY, of the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented a new and useful Process and Apparatus forForming and Constructing Axles or Shafts, which invention is describedas follows:

In carrying out my invention I rst prepare, by

rolling, a number of bars, having a curved or segf mental form in theirtransverse section, and also curved longitudinally in suchl a mannerthat a number of the said bars may be assembled with each end of thefagot for a certain distance, I

heat the fagot and pass it between rolls, properly grooved and recessed,to weld the ends to a requisite distance and form upon them symmet-I'ical journals, the central part being left in open or skeleton form.The structure thus made will possess greatlightness, strength,transverse rigidity, and torsional elasticity.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l represents a transverse section ofa pair of rolls employed for rolling the segment bars with a bar orsegment in position, the plane of section being taken through the centerof the groove and bar.

The diagrams marked a, b c, d, and e, referring to Fig. l, represent theform of the bar in transverse section, and also of the grooves at thevarious points indicated by correspondingletters in Fig. l. Fig. 2represents, on a larger scale, a

ysimilar section of the parts of the rolls which are marked a in Fig. l.Fig. 3 represents a section longitudinally of the rolls in the planeindicated by the lines a: in Fig. 2. The line y y in Fig. 3

indicates the plane of the section represented in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig.4represents a transverse section of a pair of rolls employed for unitingthe bars or segments to form an axle, one end'of the axle being shown inposition.

Similar letters of reference in the various gures indicate like parts.

A A', Figs. 1,2, and 3, represent a pair of rolls made hollow for thepurpose of circulating water or other fluid through them to keep themcool. The grooves gg are made of varying depth, Width, and shape, so as,bya single revolution, to change the bar om a common dat form to theshape in- .dicated by the longitudinal section of said bar, seen in Fig.1, and the transverse section f its various parts shown in the diagramsa, b, c, d, and e. The arrows indicate the direction of rotation of therolls. From the end of the bar to the part marked a, in Fig. 1, the baris grooved uniformly in shape and size, such as indicated in transversesection in the diagram a. From a it is tapered in thickness and expandedin width, as illustrated in the successive diagrams, to e, whichrepresents the longitudinal center of the bar. From this center it isgradually contracted in Width and increased in thickness, as may beunderstood by the corresponding letters on the other half of each roll,so that the two ends of the bar or segment will be of similar shape. Thedies or cutters D serve as guides or gauges in entering the end of eachnew bar, and sever the rolled bars at a uniform length. These dies aresupported, and are adjusted radially in respect to the rolls, byset-screws E, held by jam-nuts F, and are made with chambers connectingby suitable ducts with the hollow interior of the rolls, so that wateror other coolingiiuid maypass through said dies. By forming the grooveprincipally in one roll, as shown at g in Figs. 2 and 3, and making thesaid groove with oblique faces and large and deep enough to receive arim, g g', which operates on the outside surface of the segment andprojects from the upper roller A', I am enabled to roll the bar withoutns. The extreme corners of the rim g are chilled, so as to make themvery hard and durable, and the Obliquity of the sides of the groove inthe roll A and the corresponding shape ofthe rim or projection of therollA make the corners or angles less acute than they other- Wise wouldbe. Their capacity to wear is thus further increased; but as fast as thechilled corners do wear the other less hard parts. of the rolls can bereadily turned down to corresponding shape and dimensions. This methodof manufacturing axles is described in my patent No. 28,004, dated April24, 1860, and I therefore lay no claim thereto.

Fig. 4 represents a transverse section of a pair of rolls adapted forthe formation of hollow axles of larger diameter in the center than atthe ends. The drawing shows one end of a car-axle, T, in the course ofbeing rolled, and uniting the segments, and for making the journals. Themetal to form the axle is fagoted out of a number of bars or segmentsstave-shaped, of steel or iron, their ends being placed in contactaround mandrels R, and their central portions held at some distanceasunder by supports placed between them. Thefagot thus prepared is, bythe aid of a gauge, adjusted upon a car, which is so connected to therolls that it will move at a speed corresponding with that of the Working surfaces of the rolls. One end of the iagot is then introduced betweenthe rolls at the point marked 7. The projections 8 form the properdepression for the journal. From thence to 9 the grooves continue ofabout equal size, and form the cylindrical or nearly cylindrical portionof the axle Which receives the wheel, the segments being securelyWeldedtogether from 7 to 9. From the point 9 the grooves increaserapidly in size to l0, to form the flaring central portion of the axle,toward Which point the bars or segments diverge. The cavity 1l is toafford space for a projecting lian ge or ring, which may be placed uponor around the largest part at the center of the axle and Welded thereonin the act of rolling. The axle may be heated at both endssimultaneously by furnaces placed at proper distances asunder, so that asingle revolution of the rolls will complete both on the ends, unitingthe segments and forming the journals; but in most instances it Will befoundmore practicable to heat and roll the ends separately.

The separate parts of my shaft or axle may be made with parallel sides;but I prefer to form them of greater Width toward the centers; and, byimparting sufficient transverse curvature, so

as to make the shaft or axle very much larger at Witnesses THos. B.KrNGsLANn,

Oc'rAvIUs KNIGHT. (125)

